CHANGES IN THE OTHER ORGAN SYSTEMS

There is an average weight gain of 11 Kgs during entire pregnancy.

Swelling of feet and ankle commonly occurs in the 3^rd trimester, relieved by rest & elevation of feet.

Skin Changes

The following changes occur:

1. Stretch marks: Abdomen, buttocks, thighs, breasts
2. Darkening of skin, especially Linear extending from umbilicus to pubes in midline.
3. Irregular patches of dark brown pigmentation on forehead, face and neck called Chloasma.

Cardiovascular system

Pulse

Increase of up to 10 beats/min over prepregnant rate.

Blood Pressure

It undergoes a drop in first trimester and gradually rises thereafter. Values at term are 5 mm Hg systolic and 15 mm Hg diastolic less than prepregnant values.

Respiratory System

In early pregnancy respiratory rate increases by 3-4 breaths per minute.

Gastrointestinal Tract

Nausea and vomiting may occur in early months. Gastric emptying time is delayed. There is a tendency to constipation and piles.

Urinary Tract

There is increased frequency of urination in pregnancy and at term.

Endocrine system

The pituitary gland enlarges. There is increased secretion of Prolactin (milk production), Thyrotropin and Melanocyte Stimulating Hormones.

Skeletal System

There occurs softening and relaxation of the ligaments of the pelvic joints to facilitate expanding of pelvis during labour. Lumbar lordosis is exaggerated.

Haemotological

The WBC count rises to about 10,000/cu mm. The platelet show a slight fall. The ESR increases to 40-45 mm at the end of the 1^st hour. Bleeding and clotting time are normal.

| Changes in the Reproductive System | Changes in General Metabolism |